蒲石河抽水蓄能电站输水系统充排水试验方法

高水头大型抽水蓄能电站输水系统的充水和排水,是电站投入运行不可缺少的一项安全检验,初期充排水试验是加载、卸载、检查、监测、发现问题和处理缺陷的过程,为今后电站正式运行提供安全可靠的质量保证。本文详细介绍了辽宁蒲石河抽水蓄能电站输水系统充排水试验方法,可供类似工程参考。     

带气液分离器自动复叠系统中节流阀开度引起的混合工质浓度偏移(英文)

Auto cascade refrigeration (ACR) cycle with phase separators is widely used in the cryogenic system. The compo-sition of mixed refrigerant has a great effect on the performance of the system. Based on the assumption of infinite volume of phase separator, ACR system with one phase separator is simulated in this paper. The variation of refrigerant composition under different valves opening is obtained. A related experimental system is set up to verify the variation. The result shows that when the valve opening connected to the evaporator increases or the valve opening under the phase separator decreases, the low-boiling component concentration of the working mixture passing through the compressor and condenser increases, while the high-boiling component concentra-tion decreases. Furthermore, the variations of condensation pressure and evaporation pressure under different valves opening are also observed. This paper is helpful to deepen the understanding of ACR system.     

巨型水电站孤岛试验期间AVC电压波动的解决

本文首先分析国内典型的AVC的一般配置、控制策略和控制原理,针对巨型水电站孤岛试验期间的AVC控制的复杂工况进行阐述,对出现的AVC电压波动的情况进行分析,并对采用的解决方案进行介绍,为今后类似电站的孤岛运行期间的AVC电压控制提供一些参考建议。     

Hierarchical multi-reservoir optimization modeling for real-world complexity with application to the Three Gorges system

High dimensionality in real-world multi-reservoir systems greatly hinders the application and popularity of evolutionary algorithms, especially for systems with heterogeneous units. An efficient hierarchical optimization framework is presented for search space reduction, determining the best water distributions, not only between cascade reservoirs, but also among different types of hydropower units. The framework is applied to the Three Gorges Project (TGP) system and the results demonstrate that the difficulties of multi-reservoir optimization caused by high dimensionality can be effectively solved by the proposed hierarchical method. For the day studied, power output could be increased by 6.79 GWh using an optimal decision with the same amount of water actually used; while the same amount of power could be generated with 2.59 × 10⁷ m³ less water compared to the historical policy. The methodology proposed is general in that it can be used for other reservoir systems and other types of heterogeneous unit generators.     

The impact of hydrogen refueling station subsidy strategy on China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market diffusion

Lack of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) has hindered the diffusion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) in the Chinese transport market. By combining the agent-based model (ABM) and the experience weighted attraction (EWA) learning algorithm, this paper explores the impact of government subsidy strategy for HRSs on the market diffusion of HFCVs. The actions of the parties (government, HRS planning department and consumers) and their interactions are taken into account. The new model suggests dynamic subsidy mode based on EWA algorithm yields better results than static subsidy mode: HFCV purchases, HRS construction effort, total number of HRSs and expected HRS planning department profits all outperform static data by around 27%. In addition, choosing an appropriate initial subsidy strategy can increase the sales of HFCVs by nearly 40%. Early investment from government to establish initial HRSs can also increase market diffusion efficiency by more than 76.7%.     

Nanoconfined (Bio)Catalysts as Efficient Glucose‐Responsive Nanoreactors

Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of bifunctional hybrid nanoreactors used for concurrent one‐pot chemoenzymatic reactions are shown. In the design, the enzyme, glucose oxidase, is wrapped with a peroxidase‐mimetic catalytic polymer. Hemin, the organic catalyst, is linked to the flexible polymeric scaffold through coordination to the imidazole groups that hang out the network. This spatial arrangement, which works as a metabolic channel, is optimized for cooperative chemoenzymatic reactions in which the enzyme catalyzes first. A deep characterization of the integrated nanoreactors demonstrates that the confinement of two distinct catalytic sites in the nanospace is very effective in one‐pot reactions. Moreover, besides its role as scaffold material, the polymeric mantel protects both the biocatalyst and the chemical catalyst from degradation and inactivation in the presence of organic solvents. Furthermore, the polymeric environment of the nanoreactors can be tailored in order to trigger the assembly of those into highly active heterogeneous hybrid catalysts. Finally, the new nanoreactors are applied to the efficient degradation of organic aromatic compounds using glucose as the only fuel.     

基于复合相变材料的梯级组合蓄热特性研究

针对潜热蓄热装置内部相变材料（PCM）导热系数偏小，蓄热速率过低的问题，对基于复合相变材料的两级串联式梯级蓄热装置的相变过程进行了数值研究。通过对不同热物性PCM工况的对比与分析，得到了装置在不同工况下的蓄热特性。结果表明，存在最佳的热扩散系数，使固定熔点的PCM实现“均匀等速相变”。同时，增大PCM的热扩散系数可以有效降低加热面温度，但随着热扩散系数的增大，加热面温度降低幅度减小。通过分析Stefan数，得到了装置最佳的参数，使工况蓄热效果最佳。最后，通过Stefan数为2.88时的实验工况验证了相关规律的正确性。     

Approximate analytical expressions for pulse modulation response of quantum cascade lasers

Approximate analytical expressions for turn-on delay, rise time and fall time for pulse modulation of the drive current of quantum cascade lasers are presented. These time expressions are obtained using piece-wise analysis of rate equations. From the analytical expressions, the effects of laser parameters and off and on currents are discussed. A numerical analysis shows reasonable agreement with analytical results. It also confirms the predictions from analytical results. The pulse response is compared with that of near-infrared interband lasers.     

水电工程下泄生态基流常用计算方法及软件开发

为了分析及确立生态基流,为水电工程环境影响评价提供依据,针对水电工程生态基流估算及决策过程繁复等问题,以2001—2015年水电工程环境影响评价及相关法律法规为基础,分析我国生态基流管理实践中使用最广泛的4种计算方法,即Tennant法、月基本流量法、最小流量法及7Q10法,并编制生态基流决策支持软件,并应用软件在汉江流域进行实例验证。结果表明,该软件能够提供多种计算方法及对比分析功能,可为水电工程下泄生态基流计算及决策提供计算平台。4种计算方法在汉江流域计算结果差异较大。总体而言,干流适合最小流量法及Tennant法,支流适合Tennant法。研究成果具有较大的实际应用和推广价值。     

一种超长级联国际传输专线故障机器定位算法的研究

国际电路不同于一般网内电路，具有跨多运营商、超长距离和级联组网的特性，这些特性给该类电路的故障定位带来挑战，但同时也形成其特有的规律。本文通过总结日常运维经验和分析各厂家设备告警信号传递规律，总结出可以用于计算机实现的国际电路故障定位算法。